E_1级麻屑板用脲醛树脂胶的研究

根据亚麻屑的胶接特性,从脲醛胶的固体含量、粘度、游离甲醛、耐水性、固化时间、施工胶液特性及经济效益等方面系统地研究了适合低甲醛释放量麻屑板生产用脲醛树脂胶的物理力学及化学性能。研究结果表明,使用改进的脲醛树脂胶(命名为DN—9号和DN—11号低毒腮醛胶)可以压制出甲醛释放量小于10mg/100g的E1级麻屑板,其物理力学性能达到GB 4896—4905—35标准     

Leaf-litter decomposition of 15 tree species in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak: dynamics of carbon,nutrients, and organic constituents

The effects of tree species on the dynamics of nutrient transformations during leaf-litter decomposition are not well understood in tropical rain forests. To examine differences in the dynamics of C, nutrients, and organic constituents during decomposition among tree species, the leaf-litter decomposition of 15 trees was assessed using a litter-bag method in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak. The dynamics of C was parallel to that of weight loss. The dynamics of nutrients were grouped into three patterns. The dynamics of K was characterized by a high leaching loss in the initial stages, and that of Ca and Mg generally showed a gradual decrease over the course of decomposition. The dynamics of N and P showed highly different patterns with the weight loss, and was characterized by relatively higher remaining mass at the end of the experiment. The variations or exceptions of nutrient dynamics among tree species were considered to be related to the initial concentration of each nutrient. For the dynamics of organic constituents, water-soluble carbohydrates disappeared quickly at the initial stages, and acid-soluble carbohydrates were the second fastest decomposing fraction; the decomposition of acid-insoluble residue (AIS) was the slowest. The release of limiting nutrients (N and P) generally followed the disappearance of AIS, but was independent of the disappearance of AIS when the initial concentrations of these nutrients were very low.     

羧基丁苯胶乳改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究

利用羧基丁苯胶乳对脲醛树脂胶粘剂进行改性,同时在脲醛树脂合成过程中加入一定数量的玉米淀粉等改性剂,进一步提高改性脲醛树脂的综合性能,降低生产成本。羧基丁苯胶乳改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂具有游离甲醛含量低、生产工艺简单等特点,生产出的胶合板的胶合强度和甲醛释放量均满足国家标准。     

内应力释放对刨花板尺寸稳定性的影响分析

研究了热压过程中内应力的形成机理和板材内部应力状态,探讨了内应力释放对刨花板尺寸稳定性的影响,提出了减小内应力和提高尺寸稳定性的工艺措施.刨花板会发生变形,即尺寸不稳定,源于以下两个基本原因:(1)构成刨花板主体单元的木材有吸湿性;(2)刨花板在热压过程中产生了内应力即残余应力.刨花板内应力释放时,人们可以实实在在地感觉到,例如:刨花板热压结束后,卸板时板坯内会传出嘣、嘣、嘣的声音,或者是规整而无变形的刨花板在开料后会发现有翘曲变形出现.这就是残存在刨花板内部的应力在释放.本文根据木材传热传质的理论、应力松驰理论、相平衡理论对刨花板内应力形成机理和应力状态及内应力释放对刨花板尺寸稳定性的影响进行分析和研究,为生产提供理论指导.     

人造板游离甲醛释放量测定的主要影响因素的研究

试验表明，人造板在存放过程中，板材的游离甲醛释放量逐渐下降并趋于稳定。在测定中的萃取时间、样品大小、甲苯的重复使用对测定结果都有一定的影响。     

Inducing long-shoot growth for vegetative propagation of western larch

This study evaluated methods to release from suppression both short shoots on lower stems and developing buds on leaders of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings, in order to increase the number of long shoots suitable for stem-tip cuttings. Treatments included application of the cytokinin N-6-benzyladenine (BA), horizontal stem bending, and decapitation on container-grown 1.5-year-old seedling ortets. The rate of release of suppressed growth of short shoots on the basal stem segments increased from 15% to 83% after spraying with 200 ppm BA and doubled on unsprayed horizontally-bent stems. Syllepsis on the upper stems increased by 19% following decapitation and by 32% after a combination of decapitation and BA treatments. Although these treatments resulted in large increases in the numbers of long shoots available for stem cuttings, the rootability of BA-treated shoots needs assessing before use in operational programs.     

Growth and nutritional responses of bareroot Jeffrey pine on a Sierra Nevada surface mine to minisite applications of fertilizer and lime

The effects of two controlled release fertilizers, Forestcote 22-4-6 + Minors and Dry Site 21-6-2 + Minors, and also dolomitic lime, on growth and nutrition of bareroot Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) were investigated. Forestcote, which consists of loose prills, and Dry Site, consisting of prepackaged prills, were administered with two rates, while a single liming rate was used. An acidic Sierra Nevada surface mine provided the study site, and all amendments were applied at outplanting to the backfill of augered planting holes. Without impacting survival, both fertilizer formulations enhanced seedling growth, particularly at a 16 g rather than an 8 g application rate, although Forestcote was marginally more effective in this regard. In contrast, liming at a 27 g rate induced severe mortality and offset much of the growth gains resulting from fertilization. Improvements in N and P nutrition, as revealed by foliar analysis, probably accounted for much of the growth stimulation exhibited by fertilized seedlings, but reductions in the uptake of potentially phytotoxic trace elements such as Mn and Al and increases in base cation/metallic element ratios likely also contributed. The high application rate was generally preeminent in eliciting these nutritional responses. Liming induced little alteration of seedling nutrition. Impaired water relations may have caused the unfavorable responses to this treatment.     

Long-term changes in forest floor processes in southern Appalachian forests

Soil nutrient concentrations decreased in an aggrading southern Appalachian forest over a 20-year period. Construction of nutrient budgets showed significant nutrient sequestration aboveground including increased forest floor mass. We hypothesized that the changes in forest floor mass resulted from decreased litter decomposition rates because of decreased litter quality. In 1992 and 1993, we repeated a litter decomposition experiment conducted in 1969 and 1970 to test this hypothesis. In addition, we examined microarthropod populations and functional groups as litter decomposed. For four of the five species tested, first-year decomposition rates were about the same in both experiments. Initial litter nutrient concentrations of P were lower in all tree species in the most recent sampling. N, Ca, and Mg concentrations also declined in some species. These declines often resulted in decreased nutrient release rates during decomposition. Microarthropod populations differed significantly among litter species, as well as between years (probably resulting from differences in growing-season rainfall). For some litter species we found significant relationships between microarthropod populations and nutrient concentration (primarily C and N); however, most r²-values were low. Data suggest that changes in forest floor mass probably resulted from decreased litter quality and that those changes may have an effect on microarthropod populations.     

防旱减灾经济效益计算方法初探

利用大量的统计资料，研究了防旱减灾经济效益的计算方法，其中重点提出了临时抗旱措施的经济效益计算方法，可供今后计算抗旱效益时应用和参考。     

自压喷灌系统管道减压的研究

本文对自压喷灌系统的合理减压方式和布置形式进行了分析。用递推法导出确定减压池级数及位置的计算公式。根据减压池的工况分析,探讨了减压池调节容积的计算方法。本文为自压喷灌系统的减压设计提供了方法和依据。